💰 Finance calculator

Federal Tax Rate Calculator

Find your 2024 marginal federal tax bracket and effective tax rate from your gross income and filing status. See total federal tax owed, a bracket-by-bracket breakdown of exactly how much of your income is taxed at each rate, and your after-tax take-home — with optional state tax.

Enter your income details

Enter gross income and choose your filing status. The standard deduction is applied automatically. Add state tax for a full take-home estimate.

🟢 Income
💵
Total income before deductions
🟡 Deductions
📋
Standard or itemised
⚪ Optional
🏛️
0% if your state has no income tax
💰
401k contributions, HSA, etc. (reduces taxable)

Marginal ≠ Effective rate

Your marginal rate is the bracket your last dollar falls into. Your effective rate is total tax ÷ gross income. Most people pay significantly less than their marginal rate because lower portions of income are taxed at lower rates.

Standard deduction 2024

Single: $14,600
Married filing jointly: $29,200
Married filing separately: $14,600
Head of household: $21,900

Tip: the US uses a progressive bracket system — only the income within each bracket is taxed at that rate. Being in the 22% bracket does not mean all your income is taxed at 22% — only the portion above $47,150 (single 2024).
This calculator uses 2024 federal income tax brackets and standard deductions. It does not include the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT), self-employment tax, net investment income tax, credits, or other adjustments. For an accurate tax liability, consult a tax professional or use IRS-approved software.

2024 federal income tax brackets — all filing statuses

Rate
Single
MFJ
MFS
HoH
10%
$0–$11,600
$0–$23,200
$0–$11,600
$0–$16,550
12%
$11,601–$47,150
$23,201–$94,300
$11,601–$47,150
$16,551–$63,100
22%
$47,151–$100,525
$94,301–$201,050
$47,151–$100,525
$63,101–$100,500
24%
$100,526–$191,950
$201,051–$383,900
$100,526–$191,950
$100,501–$191,950
32%
$191,951–$243,725
$383,901–$487,450
$191,951–$243,725
$191,951–$243,700
35%
$243,726–$609,350
$487,451–$731,200
$243,726–$365,600
$243,701–$609,350
37%
Over $609,350
Over $731,200
Over $365,600
Over $609,350

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?

Your marginal tax rate is the rate applied to your last dollar of taxable income — the bracket you are "in." Your effective tax rate is your total federal tax divided by gross income, representing the average rate you pay across all your income. Because the US uses progressive brackets, your effective rate is always lower than your marginal rate.

How does the progressive bracket system work?

Only the income within each bracket is taxed at that bracket's rate. For a single filer with $60,000 taxable income in 2024: the first $11,600 is taxed at 10%, the next $35,550 at 12%, and only the remaining $12,850 at 22%. The 22% bracket applies only to that last slice — not to all $60,000.

What is the standard deduction and should I take it?

The standard deduction reduces your taxable income by a fixed amount without requiring itemisation. In 2024 it is $14,600 for single filers and $29,200 for married filing jointly. You should itemise only if your qualifying deductions (mortgage interest, charitable contributions, state taxes, etc.) exceed the standard deduction — which is the case for about 10% of taxpayers.

Does this calculator include FICA taxes?

No. This calculator covers federal income tax only. FICA taxes — Social Security (6.2% on wages up to $168,600 in 2024) and Medicare (1.45% on all wages, plus 0.9% surtax above $200,000) — are separate payroll taxes not included here.

How do I reduce my federal tax rate?

Common strategies include maximising pre-tax retirement contributions (401k up to $23,000 in 2024, IRA up to $7,000), contributing to an HSA if you have a high-deductible health plan, harvesting capital losses, and timing income or deductions across tax years. Use the "Other income / deductions" field to model the impact of pre-tax contributions.

Related finance calculators

No Tax on Overtime Calculator See how much you save on overtime pay if the proposed federal exemption becomes law. Tax Revenue Calculator Model total tax revenue from any tax base, rate, and collection rate. Percentage Calculator Calculate any percentage quickly — useful for understanding effective vs marginal rate differences. Margin Calculator For business owners — analyse after-tax profit margin alongside your federal tax burden.

Disclaimer

This calculator uses 2024 federal income tax brackets and standard deductions for illustrative purposes only. It does not account for the Alternative Minimum Tax, self-employment tax, net investment income tax, tax credits, or other adjustments. Tax laws are subject to change. Always consult a qualified tax professional for advice specific to your situation.